Treating Bed Bug Infests:

Question: Who pays for bed bug treatment in an Ontario rental and what can I do if my landlord won’t act?

Answer: In Ontario, bed bug extermination is generally the landlord’s responsibility as a maintenance issue under Residential Tenancies Act, 2006, S.O. 2006, c. 17, s. 20, while tenants must reasonably cooperate with access and preparation; if the landlord delays or won’t take reasonable steps, you can document the problem and seek remedies through the Landlord and Tenant Board, including a maintenance order and possible rent abatement, and Caruso Legal Services (Paralegal) can help you assess evidence, prepare your application, and pursue practical results anywhere in Ontario, call (289) 271-0488.  If the landlord claims you caused the infestation or wants to charge you, Caruso Legal Services can help challenge unsupported cost claims and focus the case on what the law requires: timely, reasonable treatment and compliance by both sides.

Duties of a Landlord and a Tenant When Addressing Bed Bug Infestations

The occurrence of bed bug infestations in recent years appears more frequent than ever before and the difficulty arising from a bed bug infestation is also a frustratingly disruptive and costly process.  A landlord often worries about eradication difficulties requiring multiple treatments and a landlord may seek to pass the costs of bed bug treatment to tenants.  The attempt to pass such costs along occur most often in circumstances where the landlord believes that the tenant, or tenants, are the source of the infestation.  However, whereas bed bugs issues are a maintenance issue, the requirement to incur the effort and costs are prescribed by section 20 of the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006, S.O. 2006, Chapter 17 which states:

As above, per the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006, the landlord is responsible for the effort and costs incurred to remedy a bed bug problem. If the landlord to take proper efforts, a tenant may seek an Order from the Landlord Tenant Board directing the landlord to do so. To do so, the tenant may apply using a Tenant Application About Maintenance (Form T6) document.  At a subsequent hearing at the Landlord Tenant Board, if successful, the tenant may receive the Order directing the landlord to perform proper maintenance and the tenant may also receive a rent abatement as well as compensation for the value of any belongings that were thrown away because of the bed bug infestation.  With this said, it is notable that the presence of bed bugs fails to make the landlord immediately responsible for losses or stresses to the tenant whereas the law requires a landlord to act reasonably, rather than perfectly, in maintaining the rental unit, or rental complex; and accordingly, a contextual review of the maintenance efforts of the landlord is required.  Simply said, the law is without a mandate that the landlord must insure against the presence of bed bugs.  Specifically, per the case of L.O. v. B.P., TET-10802-20 (Re), 2020 CanLII 61323 it is said:

Although the landlord is duty bound by the statute and therefore is ultimately responsible to take prompt and proper steps for the treating of a bed bugs situation, the tenants are duty bound and required to co-operate and participate in the process to assist and ensure the timely, effective, and hopefully successful, efforts of the landlord.  Pest control companies provide detailed instructions outlining how to prepare the rental unit for treatment.  This will often include removing excess items from shelves, laundering all bedding and clothing, and moving furniture away from the walls.  If the tenant fails to adequately prepare the unit for treatment the landlord may incur additional costs due to unproductive or additional visits by the pest control company.  Where the tenant failed to co-operate and participate in the process, and thereby failed to adequately assist the landlord in the eradication process, the landlord may apply to the Landlord Tenant Board in an attempt to recover the additional costs caused by the tenant.  When attempting to recover the additional costs, it is the landlord who must prove that the tenant failed to co-operate and that the lack of co-operation caused, or contributed, to the increased costs incurred by the landlord.

Conclusion

Generally, the treatment of bed bugs falls within the maintenance responsibility of a landlord.  A tenant is required to act reasonably in assisting the landlord in the eradication of bed bugs by enabling access to exterminators, among other things.  If the tenant impairs eradication efforts, the tenant may be liable to the landlord for aggravating expenses incurred by the landlord.